{"id":25316,"date":"2022-06-23T14:54:16","date_gmt":"2022-06-23T20:54:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vwanglaw.com\/?p=25316"},"modified":"2022-06-23T15:16:19","modified_gmt":"2022-06-23T21:16:19","slug":"25316","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vwanglaw.com\/2022\/06\/23\/25316\/?lang=zh-hans","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u4e13\u8bbfVivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\uff1a\u8c08\u8c08\u201c\u804c\u573a\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u201d  \u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u4fb5\u6743\u7684\u6784\u6210\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u201c\u654c\u610f\u73af\u5883\u201d\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u8bc4\u4f30"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u548c\u8bc9\u8bbc\u65e5\u76ca\u53d8\u5f97\u666e\u904d\u548c\u53d7\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5c31\u57282021\u5e74\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u524d\u5dde\u957f\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u5e93\u83ab(Andrew Cuomo) \u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u4ece 2020 \u5e7412 \u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u591a\u540d\u5973\u6027\u5458\u5de5\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5e93\u83ab\u5f15\u548e\u8f9e\u804c\u3002\u800c\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u963f\u91cc\u5df4\u5df4\u96c6\u56e2\u5973\u5458\u5de5\u5468\u67d0\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u7206\u6599\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u5979\u4e8e7\u670827\u65e5\u524d\u5f80\u5c71\u4e1c\u6d4e\u5357\u51fa\u5dee\u671f\u95f4\u906d\u5230\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u3002\u5979\u5148\u5728\u67d0KTV\u88ab\u8feb\u966a\u9152\uff0c\u88ab\u704c\u9189\u540e\u906d\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7325\u4eb5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u88ab\u5176\u7537\u4e0a\u53f8\u738b\u67d0\u5728\u9152\u5e97\u5f3a\u5978\u3002\u4e8b\u53d1\u540e\u8be5\u5973\u5458\u5de5\u5411\u963f\u91cc\u96c6\u56e2\u6295\u8bc9\uff0c\u5728\u6295\u8bc9\u65e0\u679c\uff0c\u8eab\u5fc3\u4ff1\u4f24\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u7f51\u7edc\u7206\u6599\u6765\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u4f38\u5f20\u6b63\u4e49\u3002<\/span><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u6b64\u7c7b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u4e5f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f15\u8d77\u5267\u70c8\u53cd\u54cd\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u58f0\u8ba8\u4e2d\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u804c\u573a\u6027\u4fb5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u4e3e\u8bc1\u4e0d\u8db3\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u8bec\u9677\u7b49\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">2021\u5e748\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u5f8b\u5e08\u5927\u5496Par\u300b\u5bf9\u963f\u91cc\u5df4\u5df4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u505a\u4e86\u53ca\u65f6\u7684\u70ed<\/span><\/strong><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u70b9\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8bb2\u5609\u5bbe\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0cVivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u5728\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u6267\u4e1a\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5bf9\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u548c\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5177\u5907\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u8282\u76ee\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u77e5\u540d\u534e\u4eba\u5a92\u4f53\u300a\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u5bf9Vivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u72ec\u5bb6\u91c7\u8bbf\u62a5\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u89c6\u9891\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7684\u6574\u7406\u548c\u5bf9Vivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u7684\u72ec\u5bb6\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7Vivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5979\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tncnnews.com\/?p=200590\">https:\/\/www.tncnnews.com\/?p=200590<\/a>\u53ef\u5728\u300a\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u9605\u8bfb\u5168\u6587\u3002<\/span>\u5bf9Vivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u8bb2\u5ea7\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u70b9\u51fb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c6\u9891\u89c2\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Vivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u804c\u573a\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\uff1f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u65f6\u6548\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1f\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ipNT9RGt7QA?start=10&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff08<\/span>1<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><strong>\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6027\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74<\/span>#Me Too<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u4f17\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u6743\u5229\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u65b0\u95fb\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8d8a\u53d1\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u7206\u51fa\u6b64\u7c7b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u5973\u5458\u5de5\u63a7\u544a\u7537\u4e0a\u53f8\u7684\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u804c\u573a\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e5f\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8206\u8bba\u4e2d\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u6307\u63a7\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7136\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7537\u5973\u540c\u4e8b\u6216\u5f02\u6027\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e9b\u201c\u5c0f\u66a7\u6627\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u4f60\u60c5\u6211\u613f\uff0c\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u2014\u2014\u5f88\u591a\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u5229\u76ca\u8c08\u5d29\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f31\u52bf\u65b9\u5bf9\u5f3a\u52bf\u65b9\u7684\u62a5\u590d\u7f62\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u516c\u4f17\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u60c5\u611f\u7528\u4e8b\u4e00\u8fb9\u5012\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9762\u5bf9\u79cd\u79cd\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u3001\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u611f\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5bf9\u5230\u5e95\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u5256\u6790\u3002<strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5176\u5b9e\u201c\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece<\/span>1970<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6027\u4fb5\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u90fd\u660e\u786e\u5c06\u6027\u4fb5\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u5211\u4e8b\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<strong>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u901a\u5e38\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6c11\u4e8b\u4e0d\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d77\u8bc9\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d54\u507f\u3002<\/strong>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u5bf9\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dde\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u5211\u4e8b\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u5404\u5dde\u6cd5\u5f8b\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u51c6\u786e\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u201c\u6027\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u522b\u800c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002<\/strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u6839\u636e<\/span>1964<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff08<\/span>\u6807\u9898 VII<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09\u7684\u6027\u6b67\u89c6\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6027\u6b67\u89c6\u884c<\/span>\u4e3a\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u201c\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u548c\uff082\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u654c\u610f\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u8868\u8ff0\u4e5f\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u89c4\u300b\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u89c4\u7b2c29<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7f16\u52b3\u52a8\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>14<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c<\/span>1604<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5b50\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff08<\/span>Guidelines on Discrimination Because of Sex<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7b2c<\/span>11<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5c0f\u8282\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u5f15\u8ff0\u4e86\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u5bf9\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u201c<\/span><strong>\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdd\u53cd1964\u5e74\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u7684\u6027\u6b67\u89c6\u3002<\/strong>\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u6027\u63a5\u8fd1\u3001\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6027\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u884c\u52a8\u5728\u5982\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6784\u6210\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u660e\u793a\u6216\u6697\u55bb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff082\uff09\u628a\u670d\u4ece\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff083\uff09\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u5e72\u6270\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u6216\u9020\u6210\u6050\u5413\uff08intimidating\uff09\u3001\u654c\u89c6\uff08hostile\uff09\u6216\u4ee4\u4eba\u751f\u538c\uff08offensive\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8be5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u201c\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u201d\u7684\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5219\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u654c\u89c6\u73af\u5883\u201d\u7684\u5185\u5728\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4<strong>\u201c<\/strong><strong>\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u6362<\/strong><strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u5373\u6027\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u804c\u573a\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5177\u6709\u5916\u5728\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u654c\u89c6\u73af\u5883\u201d\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e86\u3002<strong>\u654c\u89c6\u73af\u5883\u7279\u6307\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u4e2d\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u201c\u573a\u57df\u201d\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u201c\u654c\u610f\u201d\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u6027\u63a5\u8fd1\u3001\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6027\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5e94\u5f53\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c<strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u6027\u201d\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e76\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u5982\u5927\u4f17\u6240\u5148\u5165\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5730\u90a3\u6837\u6240\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5e74\u8f7b\u5973\u6027\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5e74\u8f7b\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002<strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e<\/span>Vivien Wang<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5f8b\u5e08\u7684\u591a\u5e74\u6267\u4e1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8de8\u8d8a\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u201c\u654c\u89c6\u73af\u5883\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ee5\u8bf4\u9ec4\u8272\u7b11\u8bdd\u6216\u201c\u5403\u8c46\u8150\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u9762\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u73b0\u8c61\u6765\u7406\u89e3<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u70b9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u804c\u573a\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u5371\u5bb3\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff08<\/span>2<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09<br \/>\n<\/span>\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u7b97\u201c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u201d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u6027\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u8c13\u804c\u573a\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5404\u79cd\u4ea4\u5f80\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u804c\u573a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c<strong>\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8981\u627f\u8ba4\uff1a\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u804c\u573a\u4e2d\u4e0e\u6027\u6709\u5173\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u201d\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6027\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u804c\u573a\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u6307\uff1a<strong>\u53d7\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u6216\u9f13\u52b1\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u3001\u6216\u8005\u4ee4\u4eba\u751f\u538c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u4e24\u7c7b\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u884c\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u654c\u610f\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u3002<strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728<\/span>1986<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5e74\u5224\u51b3\u7684<\/span><em>Meritor Saving Bank, FSB. v. Vinson<\/em><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4e00\u6848\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5207\u5165\u70b9<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94f6\u884c\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u88ab\u544a<\/span>Sidney Taylor<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u591a\u6b21\u6697\u793a\u5176\u4e0b\u5c5e<\/span>Mechelle Vinson<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4e0e\u4e4b\u53d1\u751f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span>Vinson<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5973\u58eb\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8feb\u4e8e\u804c\u573a\u538b\u529b\u6700\u540e\u540c\u610f\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u6301\u7eed\u4e0e<\/span>Taylor<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u627e\u5230\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7537\u53cb\u3002\u4e4b\u540e<\/span>Vinso<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5c06<\/span>Taylor<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4ee5\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u4e4b\u540d\u544a\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5ead\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u613f\u914d\u5408\u201d\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6848\u4ef6\u663e\u5f97\u6251\u6714\u8ff7\u79bb\uff0c\u4ee4\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u5927\u6253\u6298\u6263\u3002\u672c\u6848\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5ead\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>Vinson<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5973\u58eb\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u6027\u63a5\u89e6\u201d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5979\u548c<\/span>Taylor<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u81ea\u613f\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5ead\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u9ad8\u9662\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0a\u53f8<\/span>Taylor<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u544a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u654c\u610f\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c<\/span>Vinson<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u672c\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u81ea\u613f\u914d\u5408\u6765\u81ea\u4e0a\u53f8\u7684\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f<\/span>Taylor<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u7684\u6297\u8fa9\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u9ad8\u9662\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8ffd\u95ee\u5e94\u5f53\u539f\u544a\u65b9\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u5979\u6240\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5979\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u914d\u5408\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u81ea\u613f\u3002\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5ba1\u67e5\u67d0\u4e9b\u6027\u6697\u793a\u6216\u8005\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u201c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u201d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u613f\u670d\u4ece\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u914d\u5408\u6765\u81ea\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7684\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u96c7\u5458\u201c\u5fc3\u7518\u60c5\u613f\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u59a8\u788d\u6211\u4eec\u4f9d\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4<\/span>Vinson<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4e00\u6848\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5148\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u96c7\u5458\u4f5c\u4e3a\u804c\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5f31\u52bf\u65b9\u201d\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ea7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f3a\u52bf\u65b9\u800c\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u884c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f18\u5148\u7684\u5ba1\u6838\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u524a\u51cf\u4e86\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u613f\u914d\u5408\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bc1\u636e\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u88c1\u51b3\u4e2d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u91cd\u91cf<\/span>(weight of evidence)<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u95ee\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u96c7\u5458\u662f\u5426\u81ea\u613f\u914d\u5408\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4f46\u7a76\u7adf\u4e00\u79cd\u6027\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u201d\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6807\u51c6\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u91cf\u548c\u5b9a\u6027\uff1f<strong>\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6027\u73a9\u7b11\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8981\u88ab\u4e0a\u7ea7\u63d0\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\uff0c\u624d\u7b97\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u88ab\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff1f\u6cd5\u5ead\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u201c\u914c\u60c5\u800c\u5b9a\u201d<\/strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff1a\uff08<\/span>1<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09\u5728\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7c7b\u522b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u5c31\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u4e0d\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\uff08<\/span>2<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09\u5728\u201c\u654c\u610f\u73af\u5883\u201d\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5219\u4f1a\u590d\u6742\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/span><strong>\u9996\u5148\uff0c<\/strong>\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u5f71\u54cd\u96c7\u4f63\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u5728\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c7\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u7ee9\u6548\u8003\u8bc4\u3001\u5347\u804c\u964d\u804c\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4e0d\u540c\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ee5\u8be5\u96c7\u5458\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<strong>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c<\/strong>\u6cd5\u5ead\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684<strong>\u4e25\u91cd\u6027<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u666e\u904d\u6027<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u96c7\u5458\u4e0e\u96c7\u4e3b\u4e4b\u95f4<strong>\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u96c7\u7528\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6216\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u624d\u8fbe\u5230\u8d77\u8bc9\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u800c\u6240\u8c13\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u89e6\u6478\u548c\u4fb5\u72af\u8eab\u4f53\u9690\u79c1\u90e8\u4f4d\u7b49\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8fb1\u8650\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53cd\u590d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3001\u4f46\u6027\u8d28\u5e76\u4e0d\u6781\u7aef\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6311\u9017\u884c\u4e3a<strong>\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u56de\u5230<\/span>Vinson<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5973\u58eb\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6700\u7ec8\u5224\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e<\/span>Vinson<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5973\u58eb\u548c\u5176\u4e0a\u53f8<\/span>Taylor<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u81ea\u613f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5224\u5b9a\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u9ad8\u9662\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u5e76\u975e\u5ba3\u5e03<\/span>Vinson<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u80dc\u8bc9\u3001\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5ead\u4ee5\u201c\u81ea\u613f\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\u5224\u51b3\u5176\u8d25\u8bc9\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u7406\u7531\u662f\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u91cd\u65b0\u5bf9\u8bc1\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u201c\u654c\u610f\u73af\u5883\u201d\u662f\u5426\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u539f\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff08<\/span>3<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09<br \/>\n<\/span>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u654c\u610f\u73af\u5883\u201d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5982\u679c\u8bf4<\/span>1986<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5e74\u7684<\/span>Vinson<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u6848\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u4ee5\u201c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u6709\u65e0\u81ea\u613f\u914d\u5408\u201d\u6765\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48<\/span><strong>1993<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5e74\u9ad8\u9662\u5bf9<\/span><em>Harris v Forklift Systems, Inc.<\/em><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4e00\u6848\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u5219\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u662f\u201c\u654c\u610f\u73af\u5883\u201d\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u6807\u51c6<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>Forklift<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5973\u5458\u5de5<\/span>Harris<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u6307\u63a7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u5408\u4e2d\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e26\u6709\u6027\u6697\u793a\u7684\u73a9\u7b11\u9488\u5bf9\u5979\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u8fdd\u53cd\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u6027\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f46\u8054\u90a6\u521d\u7ea7\u6cd5\u5ead\u548c\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5ead\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73a9\u7b11\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u4e25\u91cd\u5230\u90a3\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9<\/span>Harris<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u6709\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u800c\u5979\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u8fa9\u62a4\u65f6\u4e5f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53<\/span>Harris<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u5979\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u6027\u6697\u793a\u7684\u73a9\u7b11\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u6ee1\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u5341\u5206\u9707\u60ca\u548c\u610f\u5916\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u201c\u5f00\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e8b\u540e\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u9053\u6b49\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u8be5\u4e0a\u53f8\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span>Harris<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u4f24\u5927\u96c5\u7684\u8bdd\u5927\u505a\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u53d7\u7406\u4e86Harris\u5973\u58eb\u7684\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u4e00\u8d2f\u539f\u5219\uff1a<strong>\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u521b\u4f24\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1b<\/strong>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u660e\u786e\u7981\u6b62<strong>\u6240\u6709<\/strong>\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u4ee4\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4eba(reasonable person)\u4f1a\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u654c\u610f\uff08hostile\uff09\u6216\u8fb1\u8650\uff08abuse\uff09\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff08environment\uff09\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u7edd\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7981\u6b62\u90a3\u79cd\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u4f24\u5bb3\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u6cd5\u5ead\u5728<\/span>Harris<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e76\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u65b9\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff1b\u53ea\u8981\u4eba\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5408\u7406\u5730\u611f\u77e5\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u662f\u654c\u610f\u6216\u8005\u6076\u52a3\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002<\/span><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u8981\u89c2\u5bdf\u5de5\u4f5c\u201c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u60c5\u51b5\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u6b67\u89c6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3001\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u53d1\u751f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u662f\u8eab\u4f53\u53d7\u4f24\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6027\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5e72\u6270\u4e86\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/strong><em>Harris v. Forklift System<\/em>, 510 U.S. 17, 23 (1993)<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u3002\u800c\u5c31\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5e72\u6270\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0\u201d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5df2\u6545\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u91d1\u65af\u4f2f\u683c\u5728\u8be5\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u534f\u540c\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a<\/span><strong>\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u8fd9\u822c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u60c5\u51b5\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u96c7\u5458\u5c55\u5f00\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u201d<\/strong><em>Harris<\/em>, at\u00a025.\u00a0\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u6240\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u60c5\u51b5\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd9\u4e00\u5ba2\u89c2\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4ee5\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u4f1a\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\uff08<\/span>1<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u8a00\u8bed\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u654c\u89c6\u6027\u548c\u8d2c\u4f4e\u6027\uff1b\uff08<\/span>2<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09\u88ab\u63a7\u7684\u9a9a\u6270\u8005\u662f\u5426\u4e13\u95e8\u9488\u5bf9\u63d0\u51fa\u63a7\u8bc9\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff1b\uff08<\/span>3<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u63a7\u8bc9\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u672c\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff1b\uff08<\/span>4<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09\u53cc\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u73af\u5883\u6807\u51c6\u201d\uff0c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u611f\u53d7\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u975e\u552f\u4e00\u6216\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u201c\u8c01\u662f\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u201d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u516c\u5e73\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8fd8\u7279\u522b\u4f5c\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<strong>\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u672a\u5fc5\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u88ab\u9a9a\u6270\u8005\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u53d7\u5230\u6b64\u975e\u793c\u884c\u4e3a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0\u88ab\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5e72\u6270\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u96c7\u5458\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u95f4\u63a5\u53d7\u5bb3\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u6216\u4e0b\u7ea7\u906d\u53d7\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u8fde\u5e26\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u6027\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u804c\u573a\u73af\u5883\u662f\u201c\u6709\u654c\u610f\u7684\u201d\uff08<\/span>hostile<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09\u3001\u201c\u4ee4\u4eba\u751f\u538c\u7684\u201d\uff08<\/span>offensive<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09\u3001\u201c\u6709\u8fb1\u8650\u6027\u7684\u201d\uff08<\/span>abusive<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u804c\u573a\u73af\u5883\u800c\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u6216\u6b63\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96c7\u5458\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u8d77\u8bc9\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff08<\/span>4<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\uff09<br 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lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u89c4\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>1604.1199(d)<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u5c0f\u8282\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u201c<\/span>(d)<span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u6709\u5173\u96c7\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u96c7\u4e3b\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u5176\u76d1\u7ba1\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u96c7\u5458\uff09\u77e5\u9053\u3001\u6216\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u96c7\u4e3b\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u5408\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6b64\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u8d1f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u96c7\u4e3b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u7acb\u523b\u91c7\u53d6\u53ca\u65f6\u800c\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u7ea0\u6b63\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u5e73\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8fd8\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u8fd8\u6709\u9884\u9632\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c<\/strong>\u5e94\u5f53\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u5207\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5efa\u7acb\u9884\u9632\u6027\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u804c\u573a\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u9632\u6027\u673a\u5236\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u660e\u786e\u53cd\u5bf9\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u548c\u5b9a\u671f\u5411\u5458\u5de5\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u660e\u5bf9\u9a9a\u6270\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u4e00\u65e6\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c<\/span>\u00a0<span 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Cuomo) \u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u4ece 2020 \u5e7412 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2021\u5e748\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u5f8b\u5e08\u5927\u5496Par\u300b\u5bf9\u963f\u91cc\u5df4\u5df4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u505a\u4e86\u53ca\u65f6\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8bb2\u5609\u5bbe\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0cVivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u5728\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u6267\u4e1a\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5bf9\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u548c\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5177\u5907\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u8282\u76ee\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u77e5\u540d\u534e\u4eba\u5a92\u4f53\u300a\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u5bf9Vivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u72ec\u5bb6\u91c7\u8bbf\u62a5\u9053\u3002\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u89c6\u9891\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7684\u6574\u7406\u548c\u5bf9Vivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u7684\u72ec\u5bb6\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7Vivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5979\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u70b9\u51fbhttps:\/\/www.tncnnews.com\/?p=200590\u53ef\u5728\u300a\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u9605\u8bfb\u5168\u6587\u3002\u5bf9Vivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u8bb2\u5ea7\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u70b9\u51fb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c6\u9891\u89c2\u770b\uff1a \uff081\uff09 \u6027\u9a9a\u6270\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6027\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74#Me 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&nbsp; 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\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u4e24\u7c7b\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\u884c\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u654c\u610f\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u57281986\u5e74\u5224\u51b3\u7684Meritor Saving Bank, FSB. v. Vinson\u4e00\u6848\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5207\u5165\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94f6\u884c\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u88ab\u544aSidney Taylor\u591a\u6b21\u6697\u793a\u5176\u4e0b\u5c5eMechelle Vinson\u4e0e\u4e4b\u53d1\u751f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002Vinson\u5973\u58eb\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8feb\u4e8e\u804c\u573a\u538b\u529b\u6700\u540e\u540c\u610f\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u6301\u7eed\u4e0eTaylor\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u627e\u5230\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7537\u53cb\u3002\u4e4b\u540eVinso\u5c06Taylor\u4ee5\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u4e4b\u540d\u544a\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5ead\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u613f\u914d\u5408\u201d\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6848\u4ef6\u663e\u5f97\u6251\u6714\u8ff7\u79bb\uff0c\u4ee4\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u5927\u6253\u6298\u6263\u3002\u672c\u6848\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5ead\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3aVinson\u5973\u58eb\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u6027\u63a5\u89e6\u201d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5979\u548cTaylor\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u81ea\u613f\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002 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of evidence)\u3002 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