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Nelson\uff09\u8868\u793a\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u8bb2\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5211\u4e8b\u5ba1\u5224\u5f7c\u6b64\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5206\u5f00\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d54\u507f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5927\u4f17\u719f\u77e5\uff0c\u5e7f\u53d7\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u660e\u663e\u7684\u201c\u5ba1\u524d\u516c\u5171\u62a5\u9053\u201d\uff08pretrial publicity\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u516c\u5171\u62a5\u9053\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u966a\u5ba1\u5458\u5bf9\u88ab\u544a\u5f62\u6210\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8096\u6587\u5f8b\u5e08\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u62c5\u5fe7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u7f3a\u6765\u98ce\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5408\u7406\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u5177\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u5982\u679c\u786e\u5b9e\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6cd5\u5ead\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u5ba1\u7406\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u6848\u4ef6\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u514d\u53d7\u504f\u89c1\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u62a4\u88ab\u544a\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\uff08Skilling v. United States\uff0c2010\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u79fb\u5ead\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u4f20\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u504f\u89c1\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u79fb\u5ead\u4e5f\u662f\u300a\u7b2c\u4e94\u548c\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u300b\u4e2d\u6b63\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e00\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u6700\u521d\u6e90\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96621960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u6c83\u4f26\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5224\u4f8b\u4e2d\u90fd\u8be6\u7ec6\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u53ef\u88ab\u63a8\u5b9a\u51fa\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u524d\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6839\u636e\u5a92\u4f53\u66dd\u5149\u7a0b\u5ea6\u63a8\u5b9a\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff082\uff09\u5b9e\u9645\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7504\u9009\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u6210\u5458\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728Irvin \u6848\u4e2d\uff08Irvin v. Dowd, 366 U.S. 717, 81 S.Ct. 1639 (1961)\uff09\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u5dde\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u53bf\u8fde\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u516d\u8d77\u8c0b\u6740\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u201c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5174\u594b\u548c\u6124\u6168\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5acc\u7591\u4ebaIrvin\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u56db\u9879\u6740\u5bb3\u7684\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u8b66\u65b9\u5c31\u4ee5\u8c0b\u6740\u7f6a\u902e\u6355\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5ba1\u8baf\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5c0f\u53bf\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u7cfb\u5217\u8c0b\u6740\u6848\u7684\u7ec6\u679d\u672b\u8282\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u5ba3\u79f0\u88ab\u544a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u8c0b\u6740\u4f9b\u8ba4\u4e0d\u8bb3\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u4e5f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u9898\u8038\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u78c5\u65b0\u95fb\u6d25\u6d25\u4e50\u9053\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u62a5\u9053\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u5ba3\u4f20\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u65bd\u52a0\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0cIrvin\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5f85\u88ab\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u6297\u8fa9\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u79fb\u5ead\u52a8\u8bae\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5728430\u540d\u5019\u9009\u966a\u5ba1\u5458\u4e2d\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u6709370\u540d\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u7ea690\uff05\u7684\u966a\u5ba1\u5458\u6000\u7591\u88ab\u544a\u6709\u7f6a\u3002\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709268\u540d\u5728\u7504\u9009\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9Irvin\u5c31\u662f\u51f6\u624b\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6df1\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7591\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u9009\u5165\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u768412\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u7adf\u7136\u67098\u4e2a\u4eba\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u4fe1Irvin\u5c31\u662f\u51f6\u624b\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd8\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u5230\u201c\u5927\u516c\u65e0\u79c1\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728Irvin\u6848\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4e66\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u8981\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u6beb\u65e0\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u671f\u671b\u662f\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u8fdd\u80cc\u5e38\u8bc6\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u653e\u4efb\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6740\u4eba\u4e0d\u7728\u773c\u7684\u51f6\u624b\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8981\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u51f6\u624b\u7ef3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u5408\u7406\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u966a\u5ba1\u5458\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5bf9\u4e0e\u6848\u4ef6\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4f5c\u51fa\u516c\u6b63\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u800c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u5728Irvin\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u62a5\u9053\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u663e\u5730\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u6e05\u6670\u65e0\u8bef\u5730\u8fa8\u522b\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u516c\u6b63\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86Irvin\u7684\u5b9a\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1a\u518d\u770b\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f9d\u5fb7\u6848<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Irvin\u6848\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u5236\u5ea6\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5265\u593a\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u516c\u6b63\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u6743\u5229\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u201c\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\uff08minimum standards of due process\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6cd5\u5178\u5316\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u8054\u90a6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u5dde\u7684\u300a\u5211\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u300b \u4e2d\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u7684\u634d\u536b\u3002<strong>\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u8054\u90a6\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c21\uff08a\uff09\u6761\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u5730\u504f\u89c1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u966a\u5ba1\u5458\uff0c\u5219\u5211\u4e8b\u88ab\u544a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u6cd5\u5ead\u63d0\u51fa\u52a8\u8bae\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u5ead\u5c06\u6848\u4ef6\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u522b\u5730\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4Irvin\u6848\u53d1\u751f\u57281961\u5e74\uff0c\u8fde\u7535\u8111\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u666e\u53ca\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4fe1\u606f\u7206\u70b8\u3001\u81ea\u5a92\u4f53\u53d1\u8fbe\u768421\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u7279\u522b\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003Irvin\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5462\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u4eca\u4fe1\u606f\u54a8\u8be2\u56e0\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u81ea\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u5316\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u79fb\u5ead\u52a8\u8bae\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u95e8\u69db\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u6cd5\u5ead\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u201c\u6781\u7aef\u6216\u91cd\u5927\u504f\u89c1\u201d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684 \u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5177\u5907\u540c\u6837\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u79fb\u5ead\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u6765\u770b\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u6848\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u6c99\u6587\uff08Derek Chauvin\uff09\u6301\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u88ab\u544a\u8b66\u5b98\u8096\u6587\u7684\u5ead\u5ba1\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u6c11\u6743\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u9ed1\u547d\u8d35\u201d\uff0c\u6d3e\u9a7b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u9a7b\u624e\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u8e72\u5b88\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u9644\u8fd1\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u5927\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u81ea\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u73b0\u573a\u64ad\u9001\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u50cf\u8fc7\u53bb\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u9694\u5929\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u3001\u5c11\u6570\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u5a92\u4f53\u6765\u5411\u6c11\u4f17\u8f93\u9001\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u968f\u65f6\u968f\u5730\u201d\u3001\u201c\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u201d\u3001\u201c\u94fa\u5929\u76d6\u5730\u201d\u5730\u201c\u5e7f\u800c\u544a\u4e4b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4f20\u5a92\u538b\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u5230\u5e95\u627f\u53d7\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff1f\u66f4\u4f55\u51b5\uff0c\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5ead\u5ba1\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u504f\u89c1\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u59cb\u7ec8\u9700\u8981\u8b66\u60d5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u51f6\u624b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5927\u516c\u65e0\u79c1\u3001\u6beb\u65e0\u504f\u89c1\u201d\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u4e49\u4e0d\u8db3\u53d6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7279\u522b\u547c\u5401\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5173\u5fc3\u53f8\u6cd5\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u8096\u6587\u6848\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u9996\u5148\u5173\u6ce8\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b9e\u8d28\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<strong>\u5b9e\u8d28\u7ed3\u679c\u56fa\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5b81\u53ef\u9519\u6740\u4e00\u5343\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u653e\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u590d\u4ec7\u5fc3\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u3001\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5c4f\u9664\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bc1\u636e\u548c\u4f9d\u5faa\u8bc1\u636e\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6070\u5f53\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u6cd5\u5ead\u201c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u63a8\u7ffb\u201d\u3002<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d7\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u539f\u5219\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u6587\u5316\u89c4\u5219\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5224\u51b3\u201d\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u4ee3\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5224\u51b3\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Vivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u6709\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u5211\u4e8b\u8fa9\u62a4\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u8d44\u6df1\u5f8b\u5e08\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u8ba1\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u9762\u5bf9\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u966a\u5ba1\u5458\uff0c\u719f\u77e5\u7cbe\u901a\u5982\u4f55\u7504\u9009\u966a\u5ba1\u5458\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u4e89\u53d6\u5230\u6700\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u6700\u6709\u5229\u3001\u6700\u65e0\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u3002<strong>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6216\u8005\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5211\u4e8b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u81f4\u7535\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u7684\u738b\u6c0f\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\uff0c\u7535\u8bdd\uff08615\uff09369-7069<\/strong>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u70ed\u5ff1\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u4e3a\u60a8\u6392\u5fe7\u89e3\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u738b\u6c0f\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u81ea2011\u5e74\u5728\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u521b\u529e\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8bae\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5ba2\u6237\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u7f8e\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u5728\u7f8e\u534e\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5207\u5b9e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/strong>Vivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u4e1a\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u591a\u5e74\uff0c \u500d\u611f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u5e7f\u5927\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8001\u79fb\u6c11\u8fd8\u662f\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u8bbf\u7f8e\u7684\u65c5\u5ba2\u8fd8\u662f\u4e45\u5c45\u5f52\u5316\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u53ef\u80fd\u6070\u6070\u542f\u793a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u4e2d\u7f8e\u793e\u79d1\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u7ed9\u4e88\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u534e\u4eba\u5f8b\u5e08\uff0cVivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u9014\u5f84\u5411\u534e\u4eba\u4f20\u64ad\u6cd5\u5f8b\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u751f\u52a8\u6d3b\u6cfc\u53c8\u4e0d\u5931\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u70ed\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u5b9e\u800c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u738b\u5f8b\u5e08\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u4f20\u5a92\u8282\u76ee\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u53d7\u4f17\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u548c\u559c\u7231\u3002<\/strong>\u81ea2021\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cVivien 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class=\"wp-image-24896 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vwanglaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Vivien-Clubhouse.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"361\" height=\"214\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u548c\u5728\u7f8e\u7559\u5b66\u5bfb\u6c42\u804c\u4e1a\u79fb\u6c11\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f7dClubhouse\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u201cVivien Wang\u5f8b\u5e08\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c@vivi_tn\u201d\u5e76\u70b9\u51fbfollow\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u5c31\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u8282\u76ee\u9884\u544a\u3002\u5bf9\u5f80\u671f\u8282\u76ee\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728Google\u6216\u8005Youtube\u4e0a\u641c\u7d22\u201c\u5317\u7f8e\u5f8b\u5e08\u5927\u5496par\u201d\uff0c\u6765\u89c2\u770b\u6240\u6709\u5f80\u671f\u70ed\u95e8\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-24898 aligncenter\" 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United States\uff0c2010\uff09\u3002 \u00a0 \u79fb\u5ead\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u4f20\u7edf \u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u504f\u89c1\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u79fb\u5ead\u4e5f\u662f\u300a\u7b2c\u4e94\u548c\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u300b\u4e2d\u6b63\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u6700\u521d\u6e90\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96621960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u6c83\u4f26\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5224\u4f8b\u4e2d\u90fd\u8be6\u7ec6\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u53ef\u88ab\u63a8\u5b9a\u51fa\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u524d\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6839\u636e\u5a92\u4f53\u66dd\u5149\u7a0b\u5ea6\u63a8\u5b9a\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff082\uff09\u5b9e\u9645\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7504\u9009\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u6210\u5458\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002 \u5728Irvin \u6848\u4e2d\uff08Irvin v. 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